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Nicolaas Havenga
Nicolaas Christiaan Havenga (born 1 May 1882 in Fauresmith, Orange Free State, died 14 March 1957 in Cape Town, South Africa) was a South African politician who served as Finance Minister in the governments of J. B. M. Hertzog and Daniel François Malan.
==Relationship with Hertzog==
Havenga's family suffered financial hardship in his youth and as a result he was unable to attend university despite strong performances at school.〔 His relationship with Hertzog began during the Second Boer War, when Havenga served as his private secretary and in this role was wounded several times.〔 Following his war service he returned to study and qualified as a lawyer, whilst also joining the South African Party and representing the group in the Orange Free State provincial council from 1910.〔 He was elected to the national parliament in the 1915 election and, after a period as a defence spokesman, soon became recognised for his financial expertise.〔Ian Loveland, ''By Due Process of Law?: Racial Discrimination and the Right to Vote in South Africa, 1855–1960'', Hart Publishing, 1999, p. 158〕
Havenga was a leading member of Hertzog's government and indeed with Oswald Pirow he formed the basis of Hertzog's 'inner cabinet' which controlled decision making.〔N.G. Garson, 'Oswald Pirow' entry in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography〕 As Finance Minister he was responsible for the decision to take South Africa off the gold standard, one that led to a significant economic upturn.〔(Grey Steel; Part 7, 60: The Tour Of England And North America )〕 Havenga had formerly been a harsh critic of this move, reflecting populist opinions that gold-producing South Africa should refuse to follow the United Kingdom off the gold standard as a piece of nationalist posturing against the British.〔Ronald Hyam & Peter Henshaw, ''The Lion and the Springbok: Britain and South Africa since the Boer War'', Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 126〕 In 1932 however rumours had been circulating that Tielman Roos was intending to split from the government over the issue and form a new party that would go into coalition with Jan Smuts, forcing Havenga to abandon his earlier stance to save the government.〔Neil Roos, ''Ordinary Springboks: White Servicemen And Social Justice In South Africa, 1939–1961'', Ashgate Publishing, 2005, p. 21〕
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